Concept of Value Proposition Essay Example for Free

Concept of cheer Proposition showThe ideal of cling to proposition is often used in market literature Anderson et al. 2006, Clarke III 2001. prise proposition is understood in this paper as a composition of determine drive homeed to guests by a company in station to satisfy their ask. set ar delivered to customers through products or services, opposite instruments of marketing or in other shipway (e.g. by corporate credibility). They send away be differently categorized. belike the simplest categorization of set includes functional and symbolic value. In the traditional economy a very earthy rule of value proposition formulation is combining the price level with the set for customer. consort to this rule, companies go wanting(p) set photograph customers lower prices than companies projecting high-performance set. Hence, there back be some(prenominal) strategies of value proposition distinguished (e.g. inferior value low prices, superior value hi gh prices). The industriousness possibilities of this rule on the Internet are constrained.The rule explains well the strategies of companies pickings part in a monetary value alter, such as online stores. Among them there are companies interchange a product with inferior customer service and charging low price and other companies that enrich the same product in corking customer service and expect higher(prenominal) prices for it. Referring values to price level may not endlessly be used on the Internet for several reasons. In the online environment many companies offer superior customer values for let off. To these companies belong newspapers publishing content or companies offering communications services on the Internet, such as e-mail or instant messaging providers.Moreover, according to Kim on the Internet the schema of offering superior values and charging high prices is rarely adopted 2004. In traditional economy this system is most often used when marketing high qua lity, well-branded products to affluent customers. Author distinguished five quest strategies of value proposition on the Internet dodge of efficiency, forgo values, complete customer solutions, unique values and value co-creation. It is worth mentioning, that these strategies have been formulated according to different criteria and may be merged.Strategy of strengthEfficiency system consists in offering values to customers, which are to lower their transactional, interaction and other be and in this way allow savings of time and money. The examples of companies adopting this system are online auctions. Due to supply assemblage they offer bulky range of products, which leads to lowering customer transactional be within offer search and analyses. Moreover, these companies reducing alike customer costs by reduction of information asymmetry. This phenomenon occurs when one of the transaction parties has greater familiarity than the other party and is able to take reinforce ment of it.Usually, this is the seller who has greater knowledge, which is the best seen on the second-hand market. Online auctions minify the information asymmetry using the sellers evaluation performed by buyers. It is worth mentioning that online auctions also deliver knowledge on buyers, which allows reducing the risk and the transactional costs of sellers. Research of Garciano and Kaplan showed that transactional costs of buying or selling a used car with the use of Internet is twice as low as without it Zott, Amid, 2001. many another(prenominal) Internet companies apply the efficiency dodge while offering values related to communications. These solutions such as e-mail services, instant communicators, social networking websites also reduce the transactional costs of a customer.Strategy of Free ValuesFree value strategy is based on offering values to customers, for which they are not charged. This strategy has been popular since the early years of commercial use of Internet. As a consequence many companies, among which newspapers, charge customers outside Internet, while offering these values for free online, which in turn leads to problems with generating income. Strategy of free values asshole be a part of a broader business strategy assuming the revenue generation. This can be performed twofold revenues can be generated by another root of customers or the company can charge customers for premium values. The first concept assumes that the company is acting on a multisided market and needs at least two limpid groups of customers to generate revenue Evans, 2003. Internet entres have two distinct groups of customers. The first one are final users who take advantage of values offered by the portal for free such as news, e-mail or search engine.The other group of customers are advertisers, who provide the portal with revenues, for which they can display advertisement. In this case the free value strategy is used in order to build customer base, on whic h company will offer paid services for the other group of customers (advertisers). The other method of offering free values is based on acquisition of customers, who take advantage of free values and are also offered premium values, for which they have to pay. This strategy is often called freemium, which is the composite of free and premium. This strategy may seem to be very attractive, however its biggest challenge is the necessity of offering so precious values, for which customers who already receive free values will be willing to pay.Strategy of boom Customer SolutionsStrategy of complete customer solutions relies on offering a broad scope of values from certain categories*. Internet technologies enable presenting a high number of products in online stores, which results from low technological constraints. As a consequence online stores often shape their offer according to the long tail rule, which assumes offering some(prenominal) best-sellers, as well as niche products. M oreover, many companies offer values based on the economies of scope. This concept consists in offering products from different categories.A travel agency taking advantage of economies of scope would also offer insurance, car rentals etc. An often quoted example of complete customer solution is Amazon.com. The company offers wide range of products (long tail) including niche products, and at the same time offers products from other categories such as household electronics (economies of scope). The strategy of complete customer solutions describes well also the strategy of Google. The company delivers different sets of values (products) allowing search, exchange and precaution of information in the online environment.Strategy of Unique ValuesThe next of formulated is the strategy of unique values. A company follows this strategy, if it offers scarce values on the market. This maculation is very attractive, as it allows charging high prices and thus taking advantage of high margin. The greatest disadvantage of this strategy are difficulties in creating scarce values and and so sustaining the scarcity in long term. The sufferance of unique values strategy may result from innovations, inner(a) access to resources or operating in a niche. Innovations in value offerings may lead to situation in which a company offers unique values to customer. Examples of companies following this strategy are Skype and Google with its search engine. A company may offer unique values which result from a privileged access to resources.This strategy is adopted by media companies, such as newspapers, TV or radio stations, that offer online content untouchable on other websites. Uniqueness of values offered may also result from operating in a niche, in which consumer needs are different and should be satisfied with different composition of values. Acting in a niche is often combined with a low competition pressure and a higher level of margin. A example for this strategy may be an online store offering shoes in large sizes. The strategy of unique values is attractive as it allows to burden customer with higher fiscal and non-financial costs.It means that a company may charge higher prices or impose higher transactional costs on them (such as slowly operating website). In an opposite case, when a company offers common values, which are also offered by a many number of competitors, reduction of monetary and non-monetary customer costs may be a method of increasing values for a customer. This is easily to notice in the welkin of online stores offering household equipment, books, music or websites allowing hotel reservation or airline ticket purchase. In these industries, companies often compete on the Internet with low prices, which may lead to deterioration of their margin.Strategy of Value Co-CreationThe strategy of value co-creation assumes that customers actively participate in shaping the value proposition, which will be delivered to themselves or to othe r customers. According to Prahalad and Ramaswany, this is the value co-creation with customers that is the essence of competition in modern economy 2004. The scope of the strategy is broad. It includes the situation, in which a customer co-creates composition of values with a company for himself. The customers may also create values orientated not at themselves, but at other customers. In both cases, the process of value co-creation must be developed on the basis of mutual commitment Dobiegaa-Korona, 2009. In the first case, customers activity can be described as caboodle customization. According to Kleeman and Voss mass customization refers to isolated activity of individual customers (..), not to the collective activity of many individuals 2008.Within the mass customization the value exchange can be described as one-to-one and the participation of other customers is not required. The examples of implementation of mass customization are numerous. Consumers may build their own com puter, change the equipment of a car or design clothes. Value co-creation orientated at other customers assumes that a customer actively participates in activities aimed at creating values for other customers. The scope of these activities is also broad. They include creating and publishing content on the Internet, interaction and communication with other customers in social networking websites or software development in the Open Source movement. Usually a numerous number of customers (users) create values for other more numerous group of customers recipients. The value exchange can be described as all-to-all, as opposed to the former one-to-one.ConclusionCompeting on the Internet requires an adoption to the new environment. The way in which companies shape their values propositions is also a subject of change. Author proposed in this paper five strategies of customer value proposition. The proposed strategies are an alternative to the traditional approach combining values for cust omer with price level. Porters competitive strategies comply with the traditional approach to value proposition. According to his conclusion a company should act either as a price leader and offer low value for low prices, or as a differentiator and offer differentiated values for higher prices. New approach to value proposition on the Internet requires then new ways of achieving competitive advantage. A research combining the proposed strategies with new approach to competitive advantage may be a continuation of this paper.