The Abduction and Trial of Manuel Noriega

before a control board which lasted seven months, Noriega was found guilty

in April, 1992 on eight counts of racketeering, conspiracy and

cocaine smuggling. In July, 1992, he was sentenced to forty eld

in national prison, which the trial judge later allowed him to

litigate in the mediumsecurity Miami Correctional Center sooner

than in a maximum security penitentiary.2 Noriega is currently

pursue appeals through the federal court system which may or

may not be eventually be comprehend by the Supreme Court.

Noriega's defense before and during the trial was earlier

concerned with raising issues of American criminal procedure

and refuting the evidence presented by the political sympathies against

Noriega. The trial was described in the press as "a threering

legal circus"3 These included various assertions that Noriega's

rights to a f send off trial had been abridged. The federal trial

judge did his best to ensure that Noriega's procedural rights

were guarded contempt many problems. CNN gained access

to and aired tapes of conversations between Noriega and his

attorneys which the judge rule did not prejudice Noriega's

rights. The government entered into an unusual number of plea

bargains and reportedly paid over one and a half million dollars

to protect various unsavory witnesses for the prosecution.

Ever present was the supposition that revelati

discussion by supranational legal scholars such as Charles

Maechling points out, there are a long line of American cases

planetary conventions on air highjackings and other terrorist

Under the Constitution, international treaties are the "law

in 'hot avocation" of a wrong doer, the domestic law of

"There is zero point in international penal law which

judge govern that the defense could not bring in various

international law, once again treating the hemisphere as their

American government argued that Noriega had never been legally

were somewhat tendentious i.e the need to safeguard American

the United States will lack a logical base for protest. John

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