European History

PARIS ARCHITECTURE OF SPECTACLEThe computer architecture of spectacle that emerged in Paris sooner 1900 was the product of several converging trends , including the rise of consumer capitalism , France s importance as an imperial power , and changes in Paris genius both of itself and of what a metropolis should be . The resulting architecture attested to the bleak face of urban modernity and helped underscore France s frugal and military standing among Europe s major powersParis new architecture was , in part , a product of efforts to address urban problems . In the middle and late nineteenth century , European and American cities had reached a sort of crisis point , caused by rapid industrialization and a large influx of rural dwellers and the strange seeking work . Many cities suffered from overcrowding , poor sanitation , broad(prenominal) crime , and isolation from people of higher social classes . Jacob Riis How the different Half Lives was a shocking document of New York s slums , and capital of the United Kingdom s East End was a notorious example of a dysfunctional urban center . Densely crowded with forty share of its inhabitants in poverty , it served for some observers that cities themselves were inherently evil and should be fled for the country Author Jack London considered reformers efforts wasted , omit for the Barnardo Homes , where London s slum children were removed from their pestilential environment and [given] a healthy , wholesome environment in which to be touch and prodded and moulded into men Others , such as British urban contriver Ebenezer Howard , tried to fuse nature (which many considered a panacea for urban problems ) and urban living by promoting the garden city concept , in which new towns were planned well beyond city centers , surrounded by farmland and featuring abundant gift spaces and lushly-planted landscapesIn Paris , whose population was crowded into unattractive mental synthesiss on fasten , narrow streets that followed archaic patterns , the solution was not to abandon the city , but to remake it into something both more pleasing and practicable .

Starting in 1852 , Baron Haussmann s massive program of reconstruct Paris began (supposedly to create more easily defensible streets , in the wake of 1848 s uprising , replacing narrow winding lanes with straight off , wide boulevards and leveling much of the city s old architecture and replacing it with new apartment houses commercial buildings , and public structures . The new broad streets attracted pedestrian traffic of a different sympathetic , in particular the emerging bourgeoisie who rose with the new economic , for whom a more dignified kind of architecture appeared , particularly retail spaces . By the 1890s , these begun to serve the needs of a growing class of consumers in an increasingly prosperous and mightily FranceParis architecture of spectacle was part of a greater trend toward building large , monumental public and commercial buildings that attested to westbound Europe s increasingly strong capitalist economies and expanding empires . In Britain , whose industrial economy had boomed earlier than France s , economic and political power helped depict in an age of architectural modernity , characterized by stupefying structures like the Crystal Palace , built for London s Great...If you expect to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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